خیشومی نرم‌کامی واک‌دار

ŋ
شماره IPA119
کدبندی
محتوا (اعشاری)ŋ
یونیکد (شانزدهتایی)U+014B
الفبای آواییN
کیرشنبامN
 

خیشومی نرمکامی یک صامت است که در گفتار برخی از زبان‌های جهان به کار می‌رود. نماد این همخوان در الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی ⟨ŋ⟩ است.[۱]

در زبان کردی جنوبی(زبان لکی، کلهری، گورانی، فیلی) نیز کاربرد دارد، واکه فوق هنگام چسبیدن "ن " و "گ " صدای نون تو دماغی فوق را دارد که نمونه انگلیسی آن مثل ring یا among تلفظ می‌شود مانند واژه‌های کردی مانْگْ، دَنْگْ

نمونه

زبانواژهIPAمعنیتوضیحات
آلبانیاییngaqë[ŋɡacə]'چونکه'
آلیوتی[۲]chaang[tʃɑːŋ]'پنج'
عربیبعضی لهجه‌هاإنکار‎[ʔɪŋˈkʰɑːr]'نپذیرفتن'Allophone of /n/ before /k/; more commonly realized as [n].
ارمنیشرقی[۳]ընկեր[əŋˈkɛɾ]'دوست'Allophone of /n/ before velar consonants
آسامیৰং[rɔŋ]'رنگ'
بامباراییŋonI[ŋoni]'گیتار'
باشقیری мең / meñ Ba-мең.ogg [[:مدیا:Ba-мең.ogg|[mɪ̞ŋ]]] 'نه'
باسکیhanka[haŋka]'ران'
بنگالیরঙ[rɔŋ]'رنگ'
بلغاری[۴]тънко[ˈtɤŋko]'باریک، نازک'
کاتالانی[۵]sang[ˈsaŋ(k)]'خون'
کردی جنوبیمانگا[maŋa]'ماده گاو'این صامت در تمام گویش‌های کردی جنوبی (لکی،‌ گورانی، کلهوری،‌ کرماشانی،‌ فیلی، زنگنه‌ای،‌ خزلی، سنجابی، کرندی، گروسی، ملکشاهی، ...) وجود دارد.
ChineseCantonese昂[ŋɔːŋ˩]'raise'See Cantonese phonology
Eastern Min疑[ŋi]'suspect'
Gan牙[ŋa]'tooth'
Hakka我[ŋai]'I'
Mandarin北京[peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥]'Beijing'Restricted to the syllable coda. See Mandarin phonology
Northern Min外[ŋui]'outside'
Southern Min黃[ŋ̍]'yellow'Only in colloquial speech.
Sichuanese我[ŋɔ]'I'
Wu五[ŋ˩˧]'five'
Xiang熬[ŋau]'to boil'
Yuci dialect of Jin我[ŋie]'I'
Chukchiӈыроӄ[ŋəɹoq]'three'
Czechtank[taŋk]'tank'See Czech phonology
Dinkaŋa[ŋa]'who'
Danishsang[sɑŋˀ]'song'See Danish phonology
Dutch[۶]angst[ɑŋst]'fear'See Dutch phonology
Englishsingsing-pronunciation-audio.ogg [[:مدیا:sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg|[sɪŋ]]] 'sing'Restricted to the syllable coda. See English phonology
Faroeseong[ɔŋk]'meadow'
Fijiangone[ˈŋone]'child'
Filipinongayón[ŋaˈjon]'now'
Finnishkangas[ˈkɑŋːɑs]'cloth'Occurs in native vocabulary only intervocally (as a geminate) and before /k/. See Finnish phonology
French[۷]camping[kɑ̃piŋ]'camping'Occurs only in words borrowed from English or Chinese. See French phonology
Galicianunha[ˈuŋa]'one' (f.)
Germanlang[laŋ]'long'See Standard German phonology
Greekάγχος/anchos['aŋxo̞s]'Stress'See Modern Greek phonology
HebrewStandardאנגלית‎[aŋɡˈlit]'English language'Allophone of /n/ before velar stops. See Modern Hebrew phonology
Sephardiעין[ŋaˈjin]'Ayin'See Sephardi Hebrew
Hiligaynonbuang[bu'äŋ]'crazy/mentally unstable'
Hindustaniरंग / رنگ‎[rəŋɡ]'color'See Hindi–Urdu phonology
Hungarianing[iŋɡ]'shirt'Allophone of /n/. See Hungarian phonology
Icelandicgöng[ˈkœy̯ŋk]'tunnel'See Icelandic phonology
Indonesianbangun[bäŋʊn]'wake up'
Inuktitutᐴᙳᐆᖅ/puunnguuq[puːŋŋuːq]'dog'
Inuvialuktunqamnguiyuaq[qamŋuijuaq]'snores'
Irisha nglór[ˌə̃ ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ]'their voice'Occurs word-initially as a result of the consonantal mutation eclipsis. See Irish phonology
Italian[۸]anche[ˈaŋke]'also'Allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/. See Italian phonology
Itelmenқниң[qniŋ]'one'
JapaneseStandard南極/nankyoku[naŋkʲokɯ]'the South Pole'See Japanese phonology
Eastern dialects[۹]鍵/kagi[kaŋi]'key'
Kagayanen[۱۰]manang[manaŋ]'older sister'
Kazakhмың/myń[məŋ]'thousand'
Kyrgyzмиң[miŋ]'thousand'
Ketаяң[ajaŋ]'to damn'
Khasingap[ŋap]'honey'
Korean방/bang[pɐŋ]'room'See Korean phonology
Luxembourgish[۱۱]keng[kʰæŋ]'nobody'See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonianaнглиски[ˈaŋɡliski]'English'Occurs occasionally as an allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/. See Macedonian phonology
Lugandaŋaaŋa[ŋɑːŋɑ]'hornbill'
Malaybangun[bäŋon]'wake up'
Malayalam[۲]മാങ്ങ[maːŋŋɐ]'mango'
Māori[۱۲]ngā[ŋaː]'the'
Marathiरंग[rəŋə]'colour'See Marathi phonology
Mariеҥ[jeŋ]'human'
Nganasanӈаӈ[ŋaŋ]'mouth'
Nivkhңамг[ŋamɡ]'seven'
North FrisianMooringkåchelng[ˈkɔxəlŋ]'stove'
Norwegiangang[ɡɑŋ]'hallway'See Norwegian phonology
Punjabiਵੰਙ[vəŋ]'bangle'
Persianرنگ‎[ræːŋ]'color'See Persian phonology
Pipilnemanha[nemaŋa]'later'
Polish[۱۳]bank[bäŋk]'bank'Allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ, x/; post-palatal before /kʲ, ɡʲ/.[۱۴][۱۵] See Polish phonology
Portuguesemanga[ˈmɐ̃(ŋ)ɡɐ]'mango'Occurs occasionally in slow, careful speech, as an allophone of /n/ before /ɡ/ and /k/, when the speaker does not delete the /n/ by fusing it with the preceding vowel.
OccitanProvençalvin[viŋ]'wine'
Rapanuihanga[haŋa]'bay'Sometimes written ⟨g⟩ in Rapanui
RomanianȚara Moților Transylvanian[۱۶]câine[kɨŋi]'dog'Corresponds to [n] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[۱۷]stanka[stâːŋka]'pause'Allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/.[۱۷] See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Sericomcáac[koŋˈkaak]'Seri people'
Shonananga[ŋaŋɡa]'witch doctor'
Slovenetank[taŋk]'tank'
Spanish[۱۸]All dialectsdomingo[d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞]'Sunday'Allophone of /n/ before velar stops. See Spanish phonology
Galician Spanish, Andalusian, Canarian, and most Latin American dialectsalquitrán[alkitˈɾaŋ]'tar'Allophone of /n/ in word-final position, either before consonants other than velar stops or vowel-beginning words or before a pause.
Swahili ng'ombe [ŋombɛ] 'cow'
Swedishingenting[ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ]'nothing'See Swedish phonology
Tamilஇங்கே[iŋgeː]'here'
Thaiงาน[ŋaːn]'work'
Tuamotuan rangi/ragi[raŋi]'sky'
Tundra Nenetsӈэва[ŋæewa]'head'
TurkishAnkara[ˈaŋkaɾa]'Ankara'Allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/. See Turkish phonology
Turkmenmüň[myŋ]'thousand'
Uzbekming[miŋ]'thousand'
Venetianman[maŋ]'hand'
Vietnamese[۱۹]ngà[ŋaː˨˩]'ivory'See Vietnamese phonology
Welshrhwng[r̥ʊŋ]'between'
West Frisiankening[ˈkeːnɪŋ]'king'
Yiꉢ/nga[ŋa˧]'I'
Yup'ikungungssiq[uŋuŋssiq]'animal'
ZapotecTilquiapan[۲۰]yan[jaŋ]'neck'Word-final allophone of lenis /n/

منابع

  1. ↑ Velar nasal. (2016, February 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:11, February 21, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Velar_nasal&oldid=704566293
  2. 1 2 Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  3. ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 19.
  4. ↑ Sabev, Mitko. "Bulgarian Sound System". Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  5. ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  6. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
  7. ↑ Wells (1989), p. 44.
  8. ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 118.
  9. ↑ Okada (1999), p. 118.
  10. ↑ Olson et al. (2010), pp. 206–207.
  11. ↑ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
  12. ↑ Reed (2001).
  13. ↑ Jassem (2003), p. 103.
  14. ↑ Gussmann (1974), pp. 107, 111 and 114.
  15. ↑ Ostaszewska & Tambor (2000), pp. 35, 41 and 86.
  16. ↑ Pop (1938), p. 31.
  17. 1 2 Landau et al. (1999:67)
  18. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 258.
  19. ↑ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
  20. ↑ Merrill (2008), p. 109.
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